中国区域性极端降水事件及人口经济暴露度研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

景丞  姜彤  王艳君  陈静  蹇东南  罗岚心  苏布达 《气象学报》2016,74(4):572-582

基于中国1960-2014年771个气象站的逐日降水资料,选取有效降水序列95百分位数作为极端降水阈值,将既定持续时间尺度和连续面积上超过阈值的降水事件定义为区域性极端降水事件。采用强度-面积-持续时间（Intensity-Area-Duration,IAD）法,根据极端降水事件空间和时间上的连续性特征,对不同持续时间的区域性极端降水事件演变趋势及暴露于极端降水事件下的人口和国内生产总值进行研究。结果表明:（1）相对强度最大的区域性极端降水事件主要集中在1960-1968、1991-1999和2006-2013年3个时段;（2）区域性极端降水事件最强中心主要分布在长江以南和东北地区,发生在北方的多为单日极端降水,南方多为持续多日的极端降水;（3）1960-2014年区域性极端降水事件影响面积有所增大,相对强度变化不明显;（4）暴露于极端降水事件影响区域内的人口和国内生产总值均呈显著增大趋势,暴露人口最多的年份在1983年,达到2408万人/d,暴露国内生产总值最多的年份在1998年,达到20亿元/d。   相似文献   

Merged dust climatology in Phoenix,Arizona based on satellite and station data     

Hang Lei  Julian X. L. Wang  Daniel Q. Tong  Pius Lee 《Climate Dynamics》2016,47(9-10):2785-2799

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加密探空资料在华东区域业务模式中的应用试验     

徐同  王晓峰  张蕾  杨玉华  李佳 《湖北气象》2016,(4):306-314

采用中国气象局2014年6月1日—30日14时加密探空资料,利用华东区域中尺度数值预报业务系统比较同化加密探空观测资料前后模式预报结果的差异。研究表明,同化加密探空资料后,对模式初始时刻不同高度的位势高度、比湿、温度、风速等变量均有一定的影响;对位势高度、温度和风场的影响在高层100—150 h Pa比较显著,而对比湿的影响主要体现在低层700—750 h Pa。同化加密探空资料后模式初始场更接近实况。批量数值试验的统计检验表明,同化加密探空观测资料后对强降水及形势场预报均有不同程度改进,24 h暴雨和大暴雨量级降水的预报技巧分别提高了2.5%和8.1%。  相似文献   

浙江省雷击跳闸数据与闪电定位数据统计分析     

张祎  姜瑜君  童杭伟  李浩 《气象科技》2016,44(3):505-509

利用浙江省电力部门雷击跳闸数据、浙江省气象局闪电定位数据,统计分析了2007—2011年电力雷击跳闸事故与地闪数据之间的时空分布特点、雷击跳闸事故与地闪参数及距离之间的关系。结果表明:电力雷击跳闸事故与地闪数据的日分布和月分布均为单峰结构,相关系数分别为0.9905和0.9881;空间分布虽有一定对应,但并非显著相关;导致110kV、220kV及500kV输电线路雷击跳闸的地闪强度主要集中在90kA以下,并且500kV输电线路雷击跳闸对应的电流强度相对较小;地闪与雷击跳闸事故杆塔距离、地闪与雷击跳闸杆塔对应输电线路的距离均主要集中在2km以下。  相似文献   

珠江流域实际蒸散发与潜在蒸散发的关系研究          下载免费PDF全文

李修仓  姜彤  吴萍  王艳君  苏布达 《大气科学学报》2016,39(5):692-701

采用水量平衡模型和Penman公式分别计算了珠江流域七个子流域1961—2000年实际蒸散发(I_(ETa))和潜在蒸散发(I_(ETp)),并对供水条件变化下I_(ETa)与I_(ETp)的关系进行了定量化分析,对各子流域I_(ETa)和I_(ETp)关系的理论从属性进行判定,主要结论如下:1)珠江流域年实际蒸散发量远低于潜在蒸散发量,多数子流域I_(ETa)值不到I_(ETp)值的1/2。7个流域面积加权平均I_(ETa)为681.4 mm/a,I_(ETp)为1 560.8 mm/a。从蒸散发的变异性来看,则实际蒸散发I_(ETa)的变异性明显要高于潜在蒸散发I_(ETp)。2)东江、西江、北江、柳江和盘江等5个流域实际蒸散发I_(ETa)都与降水量呈现正相关关系,韩江、郁江两个流域I_(ETa)随降水变化的变化趋势不明显。各子流域的潜在蒸散发I_(ETp)与降水量呈现显著负相关关系。7个子流域平均情况下,随着降水量的增加,I_(ETa)呈现明显的增加趋势,而I_(ETp)呈现明显的下降趋势。3)通过对降水量P与实际蒸散发I_(ETa)及潜在蒸散发I_(ETp)的联合回归方程P-IET回归系数的T检验,判定韩江、柳江和盘江等三个子流域以及七流域面积加权平均I_(ETa)与P和I_(ETp)与P的关系满足理论意义上的严格互补相关;东江、西江、北江等三个流域I_(ETa)与P和I_(ETp)与P的关系满足"非对称"互补相关。4)基于极端干旱和极端湿润的边界条件,推导出非对称条件下的实际蒸散发互补相关理论模型。  相似文献   

大兴安岭Cu- Mo- Ag多金属成矿带主要地质成矿特征及潜力分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马玉波  邢树文  肖克炎  张彤  田放  丁建华  张勇  马路阔 《地质学报》2016,90(7):1316-1333

大兴安岭成矿带是2008年确定的首批16个重要成矿带之一,随着新的找矿进展和预测成果不断涌现,需要对其开展新一轮研究总结。本文以新的研究成果和找矿突破为基础,通过综合分析,重新厘定大兴安岭成矿带的边界并将其命名为"大兴安岭Cu-Mo-Ag多金属成矿带"。结合区域成矿地质背景的综合研究,在区内划分了5个III级成矿带,初步建立了Cu-Mo-Ag多金属成矿带成矿谱系,并将其主要成矿期归纳为两期:海西期和燕山期;在典型矿床成矿地质特征及潜力评价综合分析的基础上,总结了研究区主要成矿类型为热液型银铅锌矿、斑岩型铜钼矿和接触交代型铁锡多金属矿。结合区域找矿进展和潜力评价最新成果,认为本区Cu、Mo、Ag、Sn、Pb、Zn潜力巨大,为下一步勘查部署的主攻矿种,同时在本区划分了16个远景区,其中10个为重点远景区,6个为远景调查区,对研究区下一步矿产勘查部署工作有一定指导意义。  相似文献   

Fractionation characteristics of rare earth elements (REEs) linked with secondary Fe,Mn, and Al minerals in soils     

Chunying Chang  Fangbai Li  Chengshuai Liu  Jianfeng Gao  Hui Tong  Manjia Chen 《中国地球化学学报》2016,35(4):329-339

Soil secondary minerals are important scavengers of rare earth elements (REEs) in soils and thus affect geochemical behavior and occurrence of REEs. The fractionation of REEs is a common geochemical phenomenon in soils but has received little attention, especially fractionation induced by secondary minerals. In this study, REEs (La to Lu and Y) associated with soil-abundant secondary minerals Fe-, Al-, and Mn-oxides in 196 soil samples were investigated to explore the fractionation and anomalies of REEs related to the minerals. The results show right-inclined chondrite-normalized REE patterns for La–Lu in soils subjected to total soil digestion and partial soil extraction. Light REEs (LREEs) enrichment features were negatively correlated with a Eu anomaly and positively correlated with a Ce anomaly. The fractionation between LREEs and heavy REEs (HREEs) was attributed to the high adsorption affinity of LREEs to secondary minerals and the preferred activation/leaching of HREEs. The substantial fractions of REEs in soils extracted by oxalate and Dithionite-Citrate-Bicarbonate buffer solutions were labile (10 %–30 %), which were similar to the mass fraction of Fe (10 %–20 %). Furthermore, Eu was found to be more mobile than the other REEs in the soils, whereas Ce was less mobile. These results add to our understanding of the distribution and geochemical behavior of REEs in soils, and also help to deduce the conditions of soil formation from REE fractionation.  相似文献   

Change Analysis of Three Major Antarctic Ice Shelves Based on Multi-source Remote Sensing Data     

Wu Chenxi  Liu Shijie  Tian Yixiang  Tong Xiaohua 《地球科学进展》2016,31(2):206-212

In recent years, melting and calving happen in the Antarctic ice shelves. In this paper, seven periods of coastlines were applied to provide an analysis of the ice front changes of Ross, Filchner-Ronne and Amery ice shelves with the inclusion of 1997 and 2000 Radarsat products, 2003/2004 and 2008/2009 MODIS products and 2006, 2012, 2015 coastline which were extracted from MODIS images. Change area, SCE (Shoreline Change Envelope) and NSM (Net Shoreline Movement) were applied to analyze the variation of the ice shelf front. The results shows that, the ice front of Amery ice shelf has advanced since 1997 and the total outward extension distance of the ice front was about 20 to 25 km while the advance area reached 3.03×10³ km². Ross ice shelf and Filchner-Ronne ice shelf continued to advance after ice calving events under the driver action of glacier. However, the advance area was less than the retreat area and the net change area is respectively -9.39×10³ km² and -5.86×10³ km². The retreat distance of the collapse area were up to 53 km and 39 km in the two biggest ice shelves.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界构造古地理分析          下载免费PDF全文

余海波  漆家福  杨宪章  刘骐峣  曹淑娟  范绳  孙统  杨向阳 《高校地质学报》2016,22(4):657

运用区域地面地质、地震、钻测井等资料的综合分析,对库车坳陷中生界的盆地结构、构造样式、中生界各层序原始地层厚度和沉积相分布、古隆起形态、区域构造演化等方面进行研究,重建了库车坳陷中生代盆地构造古地理,并对盆地原型成因进行分析。库车坳陷残留中生界总体上为北厚南薄、北剥南超的地质结构,北部强烈角度不整合在南天山海西期褶皱带,南部微角度不整合面在寒武-奥陶系之上,南部边缘沿着温宿-西秋-牙哈古隆起有基底断裂活动。北部单斜带为冲积扇和辫状河三角洲,克拉苏构造带为深湖,南部沿着古隆起带为缓坡三角洲、浅湖。库车坳陷中生代原型盆地位于南天山海西期造山带和塔里木克拉通边缘过渡带之上,地壳均衡可能是盆地沉降的主要动力。南缘古隆起带在南天山洋扩张期为塔里木克拉通台地与被动大陆边缘的台地边缘,南天山洋闭合期为前陆隆起带,发育基底断裂和断块差异活动,在中生代有继承性活动,晚新生代新天山挤压隆升使古隆起带发生挤压变形,成为新天山逆冲变形造山楔的前锋。  相似文献   

Iron Reduction Along an Inundation Gradient in a Tidal Sedge (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyperus malaccensis</Emphasis>) Marsh: the Rates,Pathways, and Contributions to Anaerobic Organic Matter Mineralization     

Min?Luo  Cong-Sheng?ZengEmail author  Chuan?Tong  Jia-Fang?Huang  Kai?Chen  Feng-Qin?Liu 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(6):1679-1693

Incubation experiments were adopted to characterize the rates and pathways of iron reduction and the contributions to anaerobic organic matter mineralization in the upper 0–5 cm of sediments along a landscape-scale inundation gradient in tidal marsh sediments in the Min River Estuary, Southeast China. Similar sediment characteristics, single-species vegetation, varied biomass and bioturbation, distinct porewater pH, redox potential, and electrical conductivity values have resulted in a unique ecogeochemical zonation along the inundation gradient. Decreases in solid-phase Fe(III) and increases in nonsulfidic Fe(II) and iron sulfide were observed in a seaward direction. Porewater Fe²⁺ was only detected in the upland area. High rates of iron reduction were observed in incubation jars, with significant accumulations of nonsulfidic Fe(II), moderate accumulations of iron sulfides, and negligible accumulations of porewater Fe²⁺. Most of the iron reduction was microbially mediated rather than coupled to reduced sulfides. Microbial iron reduction accounted for 20–89 % of the anaerobic organic matter mineralization along the inundation gradient. The rate and dominance of microbial iron reduction generally decreased in a seaward direction. The contributions of microbial iron reduction to anaerobic organic matter mineralization depended on the concentrations of bioavailable Fe(III), the spatial distribution of which was significantly related to tidal inundation. Our results clearly showed that microbial iron reduction in the upper sediments along the gradient is highly dependent on spatial scales controlled primarily by tidal inundation.  相似文献